Summer is approaching, Thermos flask market freeze, many manufacturers began to discount deal, cheap prices to attract a lot of attention of consumers. There are attentive people found some mug cup body holds relatively soft, with traditional stainless steel is not the same. Some mug got to shake hands when will issue a "rustling" sound. Many people call the woman reportedly expressed doubts: mug is not there anything you prefer?

In Jinan, a number of commodity markets, sales mug store really a lot. With stainless steel mug, the price differences between selling only a few dollars cheaper, you will have a few hundred dollars.

Female newspaper reporter found that many priced at 10 yuan or so mug, grip will issue a "crunchy" sound when shaking hands. A shopkeeper Oriental small commodity wholesale market wholesale business franchise department, said the store will have filling sand mug, "priced at ten dollars, the insulation effect in general." He said, inwardly mug cup filling sand in order to increase weight, so that when shaking the cup is not easy to fall. The store has said a staff member, the inner mug filled with sand see everyday ordinary sand is not the same, "This is a special insulation sand, let the cup cool water slowly."

A shopkeeper Jinan Heng Mall said, some manufacturers in order to increase the weight of the mug will play tricks on bottom of the cup. She said that many consumers believe that the heavier the better the quality mug, so some manufacturers in the production of low-cost mug will depend on the sand when the weight gain.

Truth "insulation sand" there is no insulation effect

In the 23rd, female newspaper reporter in the market to buy a three mug, respectively, which compiled for the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd. Among them, the 1st, the 2nd is the owner promised free sand mug, the 3rd is the seller claimed mug with special insulation sand.

Female newspaper reporter with a screwdriver in the bottom of the cup three mug disassembled, found three sand bottom of the cup are equipped with similar substances. Sand was the 1st mug inside a powder-like, orange; sand was the 2nd mug is more moist, dark brown; the 3rd mug of sand-like particles is large, pale brown. Sand within the 3rd mug really amazing insulation features?

Professor of Mechanical Engineering Machinery Manufacturing Jinan University to Bo Jackson said, in general, low prices mug simply shell pressed together with the liner, not a vacuum treatment, poor insulation effect; in addition to the high-grade mug outside air is evacuated between the liner with the shell, but also between the liner with the shell coated with a layer of polymer materials to better insulation, the price is relatively expensive. "Most of cheap mug sand was added primarily to reduce costs by increasing the weight of the cup to increase the feel, shoddy, other less useful." Bo Jackson to say.

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A thermos flask or a thermos is a bottle designed to keep a warm substance warm and cold things cold. It maintains the temperature of the contents, the content could be in liquid form or it could be in solid form. The container usually has a cylindrical opening with the inner surface and the outer surface separated by a vacuum. This is what maintains the liquid or solid within the flask at the temperature it is. The vacuum doesn't allow the heat or cold to conduct outside the thermos.

The thermos becomes an excellent option for storing gases as nitrogen in a laboratory that would liquefy if they are exposed to room temperature. This way, the need for expensive refrigerators is met with vacuum flasks of relatively less cost. The thermos was invented by the Scottish physicist and chemist, Sir James Dewar. They are also called Dewar flasks. They were brought into the commercial world by a German company, Thermos GmbH in 1904.

The material of vacuum flasks could vary from being a metal to plastic or glass. Reflective material like glass or silver is coated on the interiors to counter relative heat loss. The Dewar flasks used silver. All of them have at least one opening usually made of cork or any other insulating material; the cork over the opening usually forms the outlet for the heat that is lost. It is capable of keeping liquids cool for 24 hours, while it could maintain the heat of liquids for 8 hours.

At this point, a frequently asked question is: "if the thermos flask is so good insulation, so how to cool the spacecraft?" Spaceship accumulation of heat from its electronic equipment, fuel cell, the rocket engine and the received solar radiation, etc.. All of these heat must have a place to go, otherwise the spacecraft will overheat. However, the spacecraft is a hot water bottle floating in the world's largest (in the vacuum of outer space). Then the space ship how to deal with it extra calories?

The original heat dissipation is a very important part of the space ship design process. For example, if you look at this page, you will see Skylab (Space Experiment Station) with a gold plated coating, used to reflect the infrared radiation from the sun, there is also a large radiator to dissipate the heat. Space radiator can only use infrared radiation to dissipate heat, so it must be a radiator on earth than similar large many. In the face of the earth, convection plays a main role in the cooling process, so almost all radiator use a fan to enhance convection effect. Similarly, the medial space ship cargo port door is also provided with a radiator. Once the spacecraft into orbit, one of the things the staff the first thing to do is to open the door of the radiation.

Some research institutions for the chemical analysis of Sheng 98 days five pounds in boiling water hot water flask wall furring, heavy metals contained amount of cadmium were 0.034 mg, Pb 0.12 mg, iron 24 mg, 0.21 mg and 0.44 micrograms arsenic, mercury. The scales have the possibility to increase the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water. When using a thermos flask scale change containing other liquid, especially plum juice, beer and other acidic liquid, some heavy metal elements in the scale of the precipitates due to chemical reaction, dissolved in water or other liquid to. When people long-term small put these heavy metals intake, it may cause the human digestive, respiratory and nervous system, hematopoietic lesion and dysfunction. So, on this scale must not look down upon! Therefore suggested that people should regularly to eliminate this kind of scale.

The origins of the modern Thermos flask can be traced back to the laboratory of Sir James Dewar, a 19th Century Scottish scientist, where he experimented with low-temperature materials. Producing liquid oxygen at temperatures below -183 C, the problem of storage proved particularly challenging and in 1892 Dewar developed his own solution, the vacuum flask.

His invention consisted of two glass-walled chambers separated by a vacuum, which prevented air currents from moving heat in or out and a silver coating created a reflective layer to reduce additional transfer of heat by radiation. Dewar built on his sub-zero expertise, becoming the first person to produce liquid and solid hydrogen and then to co-invent cordite, a smokeless gunpowder. Eventually knighted in 1904 in recognition of his significant contributions to science, the full potential of his vacuum flask had yet to be realised.

Meanwhile, Rheinhold Burger, one of Dewar's former pupils, realised that the vacuum flask might have commercial applications. He improved on the fragile design by enclosing the glass chamber in a robust metal casing, secured with protective rubber mountings and in 1904 he sold the idea to a German company of glassblowers. Such a novel invention deserved an impressive name and a competition was soon launched to find one. The eventual winner, a resident of Munich, could never have guessed that his choice would still be a household name in the 21st Century. Derived from the Greek word for heat, "therme", the Thermos flask had arrived.

Initially, production proved slow and expensive as each glass vessel was hand-blown by skilled craftsmen and only a small number of flasks could be completed in a day. Despite this Thermos expanded, becoming an international concern and in 1911 a London-based subsidiary made an important breakthrough in the mechanisation of flask production. Output increased, prices fell and the vacuum flask became a must-have item with its miraculous claim to keep fluids hot for 24 hours or cold for three days.

An intensive marketing campaign declared it "the bottle of the 20th Century made for up-to-date people" and "a necessity for every modern household from Pole to Pole." Endorsed by Earnest Shackleton on his trip to the Antarctic and the Wright Brothers in their aeroplane, the Thermos was taken on many famous expeditions, increasing its status even more.

As the flask increased in popularity, new products became available including the classic pint-sized "Blue Bottle" and the "Jumbo Jug," a gallon-sized jar for storing food. The development of stronger Pyrex jars in 1928 led to the creation of huge 28 gallon containers. These were used in shops as ice cream cabinets or to store frozen fish although commercial refrigeration took over in the 1930s.

World War II brought big changes for the Thermos Company in Britain. Nearly all its resources were directed towards military demands as the vacuum flask became standard wartime issue. It has often been claimed that every time a thousand bomber planes went out on a raid, over 10,000 vacuum flasks went with them. A former pilot recalls how provisions were scarce but, "my kit always consisted of Thermos flasks of tea and coffee and packs of sandwiches."

Even today, it appears to be valued by servicemen, worldwide. A soldier, recently on duty in Afghanistan, describes how the Russians customise their Jeeps. "Commanders make them plush -fitting curtains, quilted seat covers, fans and drinks cabinets (always containing a Thermos flask of black tea)." After the Second World War production refocused on civilian requirements and the population seemed keen to renew its acquaintance with the pint-sized miracle.

Already established as a domestic favourite for the storage of food and drink, the Thermos flask had wider implications for science, medicine and technology and its list of applications continued to grow through the second half of the century. Its insulating properties proved critical in the field of medicine as it provided an ideal medium for the transport of insulin, human tissue samples and eventually donor organs. Vacuum flask technology has also been applied to aircraft instrumentation, weather detection equipment and is used in the nuclear power industry and international Space programmes.

In a rapidly developing world, this innovative product has worked hard to keep up with current trends and establish itself as a 20th Century icon. As cheap flights made travel more accessible and new technology led to extreme sports, the introduction of the first stainless steel vacuum bottle in 1966 ensured that the flask could meet the demands of a new generation of adventurers. With environmental issues on the agenda today, the obvious energy saving benefits may hold the key to its survival for another century.

A dry, exercise body, tighten up abdomen and thigh

Action 1: stand up straight standing, feet before and after in the same line opened, the thermos flask, the bridge of the nose, the spine, the soles of his feet in the same line. To avoid the body swaying, tighten the abdominal and thigh muscles.

Action 2:thermos flask put on the top of the head, hands and arms clasped behind, keep the action 60 seconds. Stand up straight, chest and abdomen. At this time to note is: if the neck, back, waist bent, the effect will be halved oh! Then the front and rear legs alternately stretched out, adjust the body around the distorted problem.

Two, swing arm, get rid of the meat.

Repeated 20 times

Action 1

The basic posture: stand up straight standing, heels together, hands naturally hang down, eyes front, thermos flask put on the top of the head, the central axis of the body consciousness.

Action 2

The left hand back swing, also left knees forward elevation, toes pointed downward, the thigh is parallel to the floor. A good activities of scapula, the arm back dramatically swing.

Action 3

Put forward to raise the left foot kick backward, at the same time, placed behind the left hand swinging forward, feeling the tension buttock and thigh muscle, while the left foot greatly back kick.

Action 4

The right hand and right foot to do the same action, repeat 2 ~ 3 times. Note hands to swing at the same time, don't bend, otherwise they will be back.

Three, consciousness the body dry, correct posture

1, stand tall

Correct posture: heel, buttocks, back close to the wall, so that it is in the same line.

In the case of without walls:

Don't and ears shoulders in the same line, shoulder should be in position behind the ears;

The ears and the thumb in the same line.

2, error 1: hands forward posture

The hands forward, shoulder will relax, to the inside huddled together, Hanxiong humpback, the back line.

3, error 2: neck forward posture

The hunchback and neck habitual forward, this position will increase the burden of neck, easy to cause periarthritis of shoulder. But, often bend it, also can cause a heavy burden to the spine.

Four, through the thermos flask fall to determine the location of the body bad habits

The thought of their actions on the bottle, the result is falling down. It is usually not notice the body bad habits and body posture is not caused by the.

1, thermos flask forward slip

The hunchback, neck forward, back to the accumulation of fat, abdominal easily uplift, man, thermos flask easily forward slip. They are easily Hanxiong humpback, need to consciously open chest, chest abdomen, open the shoulders, the shoulders open ear rear position.

2, thermos flask from slipping backward

Undershot, pelvic tilt backward, forward abdomen easily raised, thermos flask easily from slipping backward. Because of their body weight in the back, often inadvertently put forward uplift belly, like an old man. They need to tighten the lower jaw, consciously put the body center of gravity on the trunk of the body center of gravity, correct.

3, thermos flask to the left and right sliding direction, distorted body know

There is a shoe sole wear is particularly serious, low shoulder, standing, the body center of gravity on one foot and so on human body to the right and left, distort the possibility is very large. Therefore, to consciously adjust the center of gravity of the body, until the thermos flask does not fall far to the right and left.

Correction method:

The tensile side of the body, can be easily corrected body around the distortions are not the problem. Stand up straight standing, legs open, and shoulder width. Hands high above his head, grabbed the other hand at the wrist with one hand around the side of the body, stretching. If you feel pain, that muscle rigidity of the parts of the. Insist to take exercise, can correct the distorted problem of body.

Supplement: why to use thermos flask?

1 benefits

If the wrong practice of actions, not only can not achieve the slimming effect, also may have the opposite effect. However, only in their own words is very difficult to judge correctly. Therefore, the thermos flask on the head, if thermos flask slide down, can detect its movement error.

2 benefits

If the thermos flask on the head, can feel moderate weight and a sense of security, more aware of their body axis where. Usually installed half the water in 500 ml of thermos flask, namely 250 ml.

Fungus, also known as white fungus, white fungus, the "bacteria in the crown" of the name. Fungus can Spleen appetizer, Qi bowel, Yin and lungs and can enhance human immunity, high nutritional value.

Medlar taste dry, flat, nourishing liver trial kidneys, lungs, eyes and efficacy for the treatment of liver and kidney loss, waist and knees, dizziness, thirst embolism. Eat wolfberry can be beauty, because it can improve Oxygen skin absorption ability, play a whitening effect.

Practice:

1, take half a large flower jelly, water or warm blisters around one hour. Wash. Removal of the pedicle. Torn into small pieces.

2, about 30 medlar, wash and set aside.

3, the election is about 1L thermos flask, the bubble of good pieces and medlar jelly into the thermos flask, fill just boil the water, plus the amount of sugar. Tighten the stopper. Insulation around 10 hours (longer is better), you can eat.

TIPS:

1, white fungus is appropriate water or warm water hair, black fungus on the contrary, it is appropriate cold blisters and prevent loss of nutrients.

2, wolfberry wash, but also add red dates, dried lily, etc., without bubble. (These also are not added occasionally to a small bowl of white fungus soup Ruannuo innocent enough to watch.)

3,1L the vacuum flask or thermos flask, just to make four small bowl of white fungus soup, for a three or four edible. In general, after the night before the raw material into the thermos, the next morning you can eat Ruannuo a white fungus soup. This practice, the most economical and convenient.

4, slowly add sugar to thermos flask because the glass liner to be careful. Recommended before adding boiling water, add sugar, the most secure. Sheng also available, such as white fungus soup into the bowl, then add sugar according to personal taste.

Note, wolfberry, while having a good tonic and therapeutic effects, but because it's warm body effect is quite strong, are fever, body inflammation, diarrhea people better not to eat. But it is the most suitable physical weakness, poor resistance man. Moreover, we must uphold for a long, eat a little every day, in order to be effective. But any supplements are not excessive consumption, medlar is no exception.

How much irrigation thermos flask, its insulation works best?

Thoughts: For this problem we can first do an experiment.

Experimental Equipment: thermos flask (four identical),water,thermometer

1、First understand thermos household may be used in the following situations:

(1) The water filled;

(2) When water is about to be filled,leaving a small amount of air;

(3) filling only half a bottle of water;

(4) Only a small bottle of water irrigation.

2、The four thermos by filling more than four cases on the same temperature water.

3、The four thermos place the same time.

4、Measuring the water temperature,the level comparison.

Experimental phenomena:find the second case (when the water is about to be filled,leaving a small amount of air) insulation works best.

Experimental results and the reasons:When the bottle with no irrigation and leave a small amount of air (the distance between the stopper and the water surface is generally 2 to 3 cm),thermos insulation effect for the best. Because the heat transfer efficiency of the water is four times that of air,that air is a poor thermal conductivity in the water,so that the heat of hot water bottle will less easily through the air layer above the water in the mass to pass stopper to go outside,so the insulation effect is better.Conversely,if the thermos filled with water,the water will be the cork wet,then the heat will water as media and quickly spread to the bottle,so the insulation effect on hearing.

Domestic hot water at ordinary times, or after boiling water was used for a long time will have a thick layer of scale, a lot of people have been water to wash wash not to drop, want to lose a thermos flask or water boiler and feel shame. In fact, descaling just simple steps!

The first to use vinegar. But to pour hot vinegar in the inside, cover the lid, gently shaking, place half an hour, then use clean water, scale namely except.

The second, can add 50 grams of baking soda and a glass of water in the bottle, cover the lid, gently shaking, place half an hour, then use clean water.

Third, the eggs shell break in a bottle, pour a few drops of detergent and right amount water, after stamp, shake up and down, finally rinse off with clear water.

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